局部解剖学教学大纲(英文版)

Teaching syllabus of regional anatomy

Part 1.  Upper and lower limbs

The upper limb

Ⅰ. The pectoral region and axilla

1. Know the name, position, action and nerve supply of muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall.

2. Know the name, position, action and nerve supply of muscles connecting the scapula to the humerus.

3. Master the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of pectoralis major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid muscles.

4. Master the boundaries and contents of the axilla.

5. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the axillary artery.

6. Master the formation, position and main branches of the brachial plexus.

7. Master the location, main groups and area drainage of axillary lymph nodes.

8. Know the location of the breast. Master the composition and general structure of the breast. Master the lymph drainage of the breast.

ⅡThe arm

   1. Master the beginnings, course and endings of superficial veins of the upper limb.

   2. Know the lymphatic drainage of upper limb

   3. Know the contents of anterior and posterior fascial compartment of the arm.

   4. Mast the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of biceps brachii and triceps.

   5. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the brachial artery.

6. Master the course and distributions of the musculocutaneous, axillary nerves and radial nerves.

7. Master the innervation of the muscles of the arm.

Ⅲ. The forearm

   1. Master the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa.

   2. Know the flexor and extensor retinacula.

   3. Know contents of anterior, lateral and posterior fascial compartment of the forearm.

4. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the radial and ulnar arteries.

5. Master the distributions of the median, radial and ulnar nerves in forearm.

6. Master the innervation of the muscles of the forearm.

Ⅳ. The hand

   1. Know the boundaries and contents of the anatomical “snuff box”.

   2. Master the composition and contents of the carpal tunnel.

   3. Know the groups of the muscles of hand.

   4. Master the formation and location of the superficial and deep palmar arches.

   5. Master the innervation of the muscles and skin of the hand.

   6. Know the position of the fascial spaces of the palm.

   7. Know the pulp space of the fingers.

The lower limb

Ⅰ. The gluteal region

1. Master the ligaments and foramina of the gluteal region.

2. Know the name, position and nerve supply of muscles of the gluteal region.

   3. Master the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of gluteus maximus and piriformis.

   4. Mast the structures exit the greater sciatic foramen.

   5. Mast the structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen.

   6. Master the origin, course and distribution of the sciatic nerve.

Ⅱ. The thigh

   1. Master the beginnings, course and endings of superficial veins of the lower limb.

   2. Master the position and area drainage of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

   3. Know the structures formed by the deep fascia of the thigh (saphenous hiatus and iliotibial tract).

   4. Know contents of anterior, medial and posterior fascial compartment of the thigh.

   5. Master the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of sartorius and quadriceps femoris.

   6. Know the composition and contents of the femoral sheath.

   7. Master the boundaries of the femoral ring.

   8. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the femoral artery.

9. Master the position and area drainage of the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

   10. Master the origin, branches and distribution of the femoral nerve.

   11. Master the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle.

   12. Master the boundaries and contents of the adductor canal.

   13. Know the beginning, branches and distribution of the obturator nerve and artery.

Ⅲ. The leg and foot

   1. Master the boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa.

   2. Master the beginning and ending of the popliteal artery.

   3. Know contents of anterior, lateral and posterior fascial compartment of leg.

   4. Master the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus, and tibialis posterior.

   5. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

   6. Master the distributions of the tibial, superficial and deep peroneal nerves.

   7. Master the innervation of the muscles of the leg.

   8. Know the beginning, ending and branches of the dorsalis pedis artery.

   9. Master the structures that pass behind the medial malleolus beneath the flexor retinaculum from medial to lateral.

Part 2  Thorax, abdomen and pelvis

Thorax

Ⅰ. Thoracic wall

1. Know the landmarks of thorax. Master lines of orientation of thorax.

2. Master the position, origin, insertion and action of the external and internal intercostals muscles.

3. Master position, shape of the diaphragm. Master openings in the diaphragm. Know action of the diaphragm.

4. Master the structure and contents of intercostals spaces. Know the layers of thoracic wall. Master the arteries, veins, and nerves supplying thoracic wall.

5. Master the concept of dermatomes.

Ⅱ. Thoracic cavity

1. Know the concept of the pleura and pleural cavities. Master the parts of parietal pleura, the positions of the pleural recesses. Master the surface markings of lower border of the lung and pleura.

2. Know the structure of the tracheobronchial tree. Master the position and structure characteristics of trachea and principal bronchi.

3. Master the shape, location and structures of lung. Know the concept of the bronchopulmonary segments for each lung. Know the lymph drainage of the lungs.

4. Know the concept of mediastinum. Master the subdivisions and contents of the mediastinum. Know the visible structures of the right and left side of mediastinum.

    5. Master the concept of pericardium. Know the position of pericardial sinuses.

6. Master the location, surfaces of the heart. Master the principle features of four chambers of heart. Master the composition and location of conduction system of the heart. Know the structure of the heart. Master the principle features of interatrial and interventricular septums. Master the origin, course, main branches and distribution of right and left coronary artery. Know the venous drainage of the heart. Know the structures of the cardiac walls. Know the surface marking of the heart.

7. Know the location of esophagus. Master three constrictions of esophagus. Master the   relations of the thoracic part of the esophagus.

8. Master the beginning, ending and parts of aorta. Master the beginning, ending and branches of ascending aorta. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the aortic arch. Master the beginning, ending and branches of the thoracic aorta.

9. Know the pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary artery. Master the location of ligamentum arteriosum. Master the beginning, ending, and drainage of the superior vena cava. Master the beginning, ending, and drainage of the left and right brachiocephalic vein. Master the beginning, ending, and drainage of the azygos vein.

10. Master the lymph nodes and vessels of the thorax. Master the beginning, course, opening, and areas of drainage of thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

11. Master the formation, courses and function of vagus nerve and branches in thorax. Master the formation, courses and function of phrenic nerve. Master the basic anatomy of the thoracic part of sympathetic trunk.

12. Know the position and shape of the thymus.

Abdomen

 Ⅰ. Abdominal wall

   1. Know surface landmarks and regions of the anterior abdominal wall.

2. Master the layers of anterior abdominal wall. Master the arrangements of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. Know the formation and features of sheath of rectus abdominis. Know the blood supply and innervations of the anterior abdominal wall.

3. Master the position, formation of inguinal canal. Master the structures passing through the inguinal canal. Master the boundaries of inguinal triangle.

4. Master the composition of spermatic cord. Know the features and structures of scrotum. Master the location, shape and function of testis and epididymis.

Ⅱ. Abdominal cavity

1. Know the concept of peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Master the relationship of various organs to their peritoneal covering. Know the structures formed by peritoneum. Master the location of lesser omentum, greater omentum, mesentery, mesoappendix, transverse mesocolon,  sigmoid mesocolon, ligaments of liver, omental bursa, omental foramen, and pouches.

2. Know the position of: supracolic and infracolic compartments, paracolic gutters, lesser sac, hepatorenal pouch, subphrenic spaces.

3. Master the location, shape and parts of stomach. Master the relations of the stomach. Master the blood supply of the stomach. Know the lymph drainage and nerve supply of the stomach.

4. Know the disposition of the small intestine. Master the location, parts and structures of duodenum. Know the relations of the duodenum. Master the differences between jejunum and ileum.

5. Master the disposition and surface features of large intestine. Master the location and structures of the caecum. Master the location of the vermiform appendix. Master the surface marking of the root of vermiform appendix. Master the disposition of the colon. Master the blood supply of the large intestine.

6. Master the shape, location, surface markings and important relations of the liver. Know the peritoneal ligament of the live.

7. Master the location, parts of gallbladder. Master the surface markings of the fundus of gallbladder. Master the biliary tree and the flow of the bile.

8. Master the shape, parts, location and vertebral levels of the pancreas. Know the relations of the pancreas.

9. Master the location, shape and surface marking of the spleen. Know the relations of the spleen. Know the peritoneal ligament of the spleen.

10. Master the location, general features and surface marking of the kidney. Master the renal structure. Know the concept of renal segments. Know the coverings of the kidney. Master the important relations of the kidneys.

11. Know the location and general features of suprarenal glands.

12. Know the course and relations of ureter in the abdomen. Master the sites of narrowing of ureter.

13. Master the location and visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and their territory. Know the parietal branches of the abdominal aorta.

14. Master the location and main tributaries of inferior vena cava.

15. Master the formation and tributaries of hepatic portal vein. Master the important size of portal-systemic anastomoses.

16. Know the lymph nodes of the abdomen. Know the formations of nine lymphatic trunks.

17. Know the formation, position and main branches of the lumber plexuses.

18. Know the branches of the vagus nerve in the abdomen. Know the locations of lumber sympathetic trunks.

Pelvis and Perineum

Ⅰ. Pelvic wall

1. Master the composition, parts and apertures of pelvis. Know the differences according to sex of pelvis. Know the joints, ligaments and muscles of the pelvis.

   2. Master the formation of pelvic diaphragm. Know the disposition of the pelvic fascia.

Ⅱ. Pelvic cavity

1. Master the location and general feature of the rectum. Know the blood supply and lymph drainage of the rectum. Master the main relations of the rectum.

2. Master the general feature of the anal canal. Know the composition of anal sphincters.

3. Master the location, general features of urinary bladder. Master the place of trigone of bladder. Know the main relations of the bladder.

4. Know the location and general feature of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and prostate. Know the structure of the prostate.

5. Master the location, general feature and ligaments of ovary. Master the location, general feature and parts of uterine tubes. Master the position, general feature and parts of the uterus and the factors responsible for its support. Know the location and general feature of vagina. Master the relationship between the fornix of vagina and the rectouterine pouch.

6. Master the beginning and ending of common iliac artery and vein; Master the beginning and ending of external and internal iliac artery and vein. Know the branches of internal iliac artery. Master the relationship between uterine artery and ureter. Know the lymph nodes of the pelvis.

9. Know the formation, position and main branches of sciatic plexuses.

10. Know the arrangement of the autonomic nerves.

Ⅲ. Perineum

1. Master the concept, boundary and parts of perineum.

2. Master the location, boundaries and contents of ischiorectal fossa.

3. Know the composition of male and female external genital organs. Master the general features of the urethra in the male and female.

4. Know the disposition of the fascia of urogenital region. Master the formation of pelvic diaphragm. Master the location and contents of superficial and deep perineal spaces.

5. Know the course and branches of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery.

Part 3  Head and neck

Ⅰ. The head

    1. Know the boundaries, parts and landmarks of the head.

2. Know the name of the facial muscles. Master the composition and function of masticatory muscles.

3. Master the origin, course and distribution of facial artery. Know the origin, branches and distribution of maxillary artery. Know the origin and distribution of superficial temporal artery.

4. Master the facial vein connections with cavernous sinus. Know the position of the “Danger triangle of the face”.

5. Know the name, position and area drainage of the lymph nodes of the head. Master the position of submandibular lymph nodes.

6. Master the branches and distribution of facial nerve in face.

7. Master the branches of trigeminal nerve in face.

8. Master the structures vertical and transversal passing through the parotid gland. Master the relations of the parotid gland.

9. Master the boundaries and layers of the frontoparietooccipital region.

10. Know the boundaries and layers of the temporal region.

Ⅱ. The neck

1. Know the landmarks of the neck. Know the parts, regions and triangles of the neck.

2. Know the name and arrangement of muscles of the neck. Master the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid and scalenus anterior.

3. Master the fascial layers: investing layer, pretracheal layer, prevertebral layer and carotid sheath. Master the contents of carotid sheath.

4. Know the boundaries and contents of posterior and anterior triangles of the neck.

5. Master the beginning, ending of the common carotid artery；the position and function of carotid sinus, carotid glomus；the branches and distribution of the external carotid artery.

6. Master the beginning, ending, branches and distribution of the subclavian artery.

7. Master the position of external jugular vein. Master the beginning, ending and tributaries of the internal jugular vein. Know the beginning and ending of the subclavian vein. Master the concept of venous angle.

8. Know the main lymph nodes of the neck. Master the position and area drainage of the superficial and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes.

9. Master the formation, position and main branches of the cervical plexus. Master the formation and course of phrenic nerve in the neck.

10. Know the formation of the ansa cervicalis. Know the course of the hypoglossal nerve in neck. Master the distribution of the accessory nerve.

11. Master the course and branches of the vagus nerve in the neck. Master the branches and distribution of superior laryngeal nerve. Master the relationship between the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve and superior thyroid artery. Master the origin, course and distribution of recurrent laryngeal nerve. Master the relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery.

12. Know the position of cervical part of the sympathetic trunk.